قاعدة if باللغة الانجليزية

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قاعدة If لها ثلاث حالات ..
الحالة الأولى:

If + Present Simple, will + infinitive.

Ex. If he studies hard, he will succeed.

- تستخدم لحدث مطابق للواقع, أي أن الشخص يذاكر بالفعل, و لكي نربط مذاكرته في الحاضر بالنتيجة في المستقبل نستخدم الحالة الأولى.





الحالة الثانية:

If + Past Simple, would + infinitive.

Ex. If he studied hard, he would succeed.

- تستخدم للتعبير عن إفتراض في الحاضر, أي أن الشخص لا يذاكر في الحاضر و لكننا نفترض أنه إن يذاكر في الحاضر, سوف ينجح.




الحالة الثالثة:

If + Past Perfect, would have + P.P.

Ex. If he had studied hard, he would have succeeded.

- تستخدم للتعبير عن إفتراض في الماضي, أي أن الشخص لم يذاكر في الماضي و أنه رسب. بمعنى أنه لو كان قد ذاكر لكان قد نجح.



Exersise

1- He studies hard. He will succeed. (Join)

If he studies hard, he will succeed.



2- Factories close. Many people lose their jobs. (Join using: If)

If factories didn’t close, many people wouldn’t lose their jobs.



3- Facories closed. Many people lost their jobs. (Join using: If)

If factories hadn’t closed, many people wouldn’t have lost their jobs.



ملاحظات: في الحالات الثانية و الثالثة نفترض عكس الواقع.




[
COLOR="purple"][]Conditional Clauses[/][/COLOR]
Formation : The three principal sentence patterns using ( if ) or ( unless ) are :

- If ( Present simple ),…will / shall + infinitive.

- If ( Past simple ),…would + infinitive.

- If ( Past perfect ),…would + have + P.P.



N.B. - If the if-clause is in the present simple, the result clause will also be in the

present simple, provided that the sentence is expressing a fact.



- For unlikely or improbable conditions, use ( were ) instead of (was).

- Sometimes conditions are expressed by inversion with the use of

( Were / Had / Should ) + Subject…

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Examples


1-If you invite her, she ( come ).

*If you invite her, she will come.

2-If it remained fine, we ( go ) for a swim.

*If it remained fine, we would go for a swim.

3-Unless you guide me, I ( be ) quite at a loss.

*Unless you guide me, I will be quite at a loss.

4-If I ( be ) you, I wouldn’t apologize.

*If I were you, I wouldn’t apologize.

5-Were I rich, I ( buy ) an aeroplane.

*Were I rich, I would buy an aeroplane.

6-Should they arrive late, it ( be ) difficult to find them room.

*Should they arrive late, it would be difficult to find them room.

7-Had I studied harder, I ( pass ) the test.

*Had I studied harder, I would have passed the test.

8-If ****ls are heated, they ( expand ).

*If ****ls are heated, they expand.

9-I would be pleased if you ( come ).

*I would be pleased if you came.

10-If I had met him, I ( tell ) him the truth.

*If I had met him, I would have told him the truth

مشكوررره

Thanks a million